Some forms of recreational drumming include a drum circle (improvisation with social goals), a musical jam (improvisation with musical goals), a drum class (music lessons), or a performance (music presentation for an audience).

Drumming becomes therapeutic when the various aspects of drumming (techniques, rhythms, sounds, etc.) are strategically incorporated into a treatment program to assist the client reach his/her goals. A music therapist uses musical instruments, music, and the relationship formed during therapy to help the client(s) achieve non-musical, therapeutic goals.